Correlation of Dyspepsia with the type of First Meal of the Day; Breakfast or Brunch: A Cross-Sectional Study from Karachi Pakistan

Background: Breakfast skipping is traditionally viewed as a bad habit. The customary choice for those who skip breakfast brunch. Changes in gastrointestinal function are correlated with range of dietary factors. Objective: To evaluate the correlation type first meal day dyspepsia among patients visiting gastroenterology clinics dyspeptic symptoms. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted Department Gastroenterology, Liaquat National Hospital from August 2021 to April 2022. Short-Form Leeds Dyspepsia Questionnaire used identify presence (SF-LDQ). defined consumed morning and any beverages or food taken before 11:00 a.m. regularly week. Data were analyzed using statistical package SPSS version 21. Results: A total sample 390 this median age duration symptoms 35 (IQR=26-42) years 12 (IQR=8-24) months respectively. frequency 15.6%. including indigestion, heartburn, regurgitation, nausea significantly higher taking brunch than having regularly. 75.1%. On univariate multivariable analysis, practice consuming found be associated lower risk day. Conclusion: current that dyspepsia. at least once week breakfast.